AL-BALAD : Jurnal Hukum Tata Negara dan Politik Islam

ANALISIS YURIDIS TERHADAP DUALISME KELEMBAGAAN DALAM KEPEGAWAIAN HAKIM MILITER ANTARA MABES TNI DAN MAHKAMAH AGUNG

Sat, 27 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0000

Dualisme kelembagaan dalam manajemen kepegawaian hakim militer antara Markas Besar Tentara Nasional Indonesia (Mabes TNI) dan Mahkamah Agung (MA) memunculkan disparitas dalam aspek pembinaan karier, mekanisme pengawasan, dan implementasi prinsip independensi peradilan. Struktur kepegawaian yang berada di bawah Mabes TNI cenderung terikat pada sistem kepangkatan militer dan hierarki komando, yang secara potensial dapat menimbulkan konflik kepentingan serta mengurangi netralitas hakim dalam menjalankan fungsi yudisial. Sebaliknya, pola pembinaan di bawah MA lebih sejalan dengan asas meritokrasi, profesionalitas, dan akuntabilitas sebagaimana diatur dalam Undang-Undang Nomor 5 Tahun 2014 tentang Aparatur Sipil Negara dan Undang-Undang Nomor 48 Tahun 2009 tentang Kekuasaan Kehakiman. Berdasarkan hasil analisis melalui pendekatan yuridis normatif, penelitian ini merekomendasikan penghapusan dualisme kelembagaan dengan menerapkan sistem pembinaan tunggal oleh MA, guna menjamin kemandirian, profesionalitas, dan akuntabilitas hakim militer sesuai prinsip negara hukum.

KONTEKSTUALISASI KONSEP NEGARA MADINAH SEBAGAI PETA JALAN INDONESIA EMAS 2045

Muhammad Sabri — Sat, 27 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0000

This study seeks to answer the research question: how can the contextualization of the Medina State concept serve as a reference in developing a roadmap toward Golden Indonesia 2045? This question arises from the fact that, despite its abundant resources, Indonesia remains a developing country and thus requires a strong national strategy. The research employs a qualitative approach using library research, drawing upon classical sources such as Sirah Nabawiyah by Ibn Hisham, Tarikh al-Tabari, as well as contemporary literature on Islamic politics and national development. The data were analyzed interpretively to identify the relevance of Medina’s political values to the modern Indonesian context. The findings reveal four key principles derived from the Medina State that are highly relevant for Indonesia: (1) universal education through formal and non-formal institutions as human capital development; (2) professional leadership by entrusting affairs to experts; (3) constitutional commitment, as exemplified in the Charter of Medina; and (4) social unity that fosters national optimism. These principles can be employed both conceptually and practically in formulating strategies toward Golden Indonesia 2045. The impact of this study lies in its contribution to academic discourse on the intersection of Islamic values and national development, while also offering practical insights for strengthening governance that is just, inclusive, and globally competitive.

PERSEPSI MASYARAKAT TERHADAP CALON LEGISLATIF PEREMPUAN PADA PEMILU 2024 DI LOMBOK BARAT

Lalu Silammaulanawa Izzati, Muh. Rizal Hamdi — Sat, 27 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0000

This study aims to analyze public perceptions of female legislative candidates in the 2024 General Election (Pemilu) in Electoral District (Dapil) 1 Gerung–Kuripan, West Lombok Regency, and to identify social, cultural, political, and economic factors influencing their electability. This research employs a qualitative method with a descriptive approach. Data were collected through interviews, observations, and documentation involving female legislative candidates, community leaders, election organizers, and residents in the study area. The results indicate that public perception tends to be conservative and gender-biased, with politics still viewed as a male-dominated sphere. Supporting factors include increased education, access to political information, and support from family and social communities. In contrast, inhibiting factors include patriarchal culture, limited structural support from political parties, and low understanding of affirmative policies for female representation. The absence of elected female legislative candidates in the 2024 election demonstrates that the affirmative policies stipulated in Law No. 7 of 2017 and Law No. 2 of 2008 jo. Law No. 2 of 2011 have not been fully effective. The findings of this study are expected to serve as a basis for improving political education and gender awareness at the local level.

BENDING WITHOUT BREAKING: STRUCTURAL REALISM AND ASEAN’S STRATEGIC HEDGING IN THE ACFTA 3.0 UPGRADE

Sat, 27 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0000

This paper examines ASEAN’s strategic behavior in upgrading the ASEAN–China Free Trade Area (ACFTA) to “Version 3.0” in 2025 through the lens of structural realism and its auxiliary concepts of balancing, bandwagoning, and hedging. The ACFTA 3.0 Upgrade, signed in October 2025, deepens economic integration between a bloc of smaller Southeast Asian states and regional great power China – a counterintuitive development from a realist perspective given stark power asymmetry. The central question is why ASEAN member states agreed to upgrade the ACFTA to version 3.0 despite structural power asymmetry with China, and through what strategic mechanisms they managed the attendant risks to autonomy. A qualitative case study methodology is employed, analyzing treaty texts, official statements, trade and investment data, and diplomatic actions. The findings reveal that ASEAN approach to ACFTA 3.0 reflects a hedging strategy combining selective economic bandwagoning with China and concurrent diversification through parallel partnerships to preserve long-term strategic autonomy. Evidence of growing dependence – such as surging ASEAN–China trade to alongside a widening trade deficit favoring China, coexists with indicators of soft balancing, including efforts to secure safeguards in the agreement and diversified strategic alignments by certain member states. The discussion interprets these findings in light of structural realist expectations. It argues that ASEAN’s collective behavior, though seemingly at odds with realism’s prediction of balancing, can be explained by the constraints faced by weaker states in an anarchic (Waltz 1979,88) order: when direct balancing is unviable, states will bandwagon or hedge to protect their interestthe. The paper concludes that ASEAN’s upgrade of ACFTA is best understood as a hedging move under power asymmetry: a rational strategy to enhance prosperity and bind a rising China into cooperation, albeit at the cost of growing economic dependence that could limit ASEAN’s long-term strategic autonomy.

THE DYNAMICS OF CONSTITUTIONAL JUDGES' REASONING IN DESIGNING THE ARCHITECTURE OF ZAKAT MANAGEMENT IN INDONESIA: AN ANALYSIS OF DECISION NUMBER 54/PUU-XXIII/2025 THROUGH THE LENS OF MASLAHAH MURSALAH

Andi Agung Mallongi, Dwi Agung Prastowo S, Muh Ihsanul Lisan As — Sat, 27 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0000

This study aims to analyze the dynamics of constitutional judges' reasoning in designing the architecture of zakat management in Indonesia through Constitutional Court Decision Number 54/PUU-XXIII/2025, using the perspective of ma?la?ah mursalah as the main analytical tool. The research focuses on the Constitutional Court's legal considerations in restructuring the relationship between the National Zakat Agency (BAZNAS) and the Zakat Institution (LAZ), as well as its implications for the principles of fairness, professionalism, and accountability in national zakat management. This study identifies structural problems in the institutional design of zakat, which concentrates regulatory, operational, and supervisory functions in a single entity, potentially causing constitutional distortions in the checks and balances mechanism and threatening freedom of religion as a constitutional right. The research method used is normative legal research with a legislative approach, a case approach, and a conceptual approach. Primary legal materials include the 1945 Constitution, specifically Article 28D paragraph (1), Article 28E paragraphs (1) and (2), and Article 29 paragraphs (1) and (2), Law Number 23 of 2011 concerning Zakat Management, and Constitutional Court Decision Number 54/PUU-XXIII/2025. The results of the study show that the reasoning of the constitutional judges reflects an effort to balance the role of the state as a facilitator with the principle of non-domination of the state in zakat management. The Court emphasized the need for restructuring of authority so that there is no overlap of functions that is contrary to the principle of separation of powers. From the perspective of ma?la?ah mursalah, this decision contains significant benefits in terms of ?if? al-d?n (protection of religion), ?if? al-m?l (protection of property), distributive justice, and ma?la?ah '?mmah (public interest). The contribution of this research lies in enriching the study of Islamic constitutional law through an integrative analysis of judicial reasoning and the theory of ma?la?ah mursalah. In practical terms, this research provides a normative basis for the development of a co-governance model for participatory, transparent, and equitable zakat management in Indonesia.

NEGARA, AGAMA, DAN MODERASI: KAJIAN POLITIK HUKUM REGULASI KERUKUNAN UMAT BERAGAMA DI INDONESIA

Wawan Saputra — Sat, 27 Dec 2025 00:00:00 +0000

This study analyzes the legal policies governing interfaith harmony in Indonesia from the perspective of the relationship between the state, religion, and religious moderation. As a multicultural nation, Indonesia faces significant challenges in maintaining social harmony amid religious and ideological diversity. Various regulations regarding interfaith harmony have been established to maintain social stability and prevent religion-based conflicts. However, in practice, a number of these regulations still pose problems, particularly regarding the protection of religious freedom and the potential for discrimination against minority groups. This study aims to analyze the legal policy direction of regulations on interfaith harmony and to examine the relevance of religious moderation as a paradigm in the formulation and implementation of legal policies in Indonesia. The research method employed is normative legal research using legislative, conceptual, and legal policy approaches. The results of the study indicate that the legal policy of regulations on interfaith harmony still tends to prioritize social stability over the equal protection of citizens’ constitutional rights. Therefore, religious moderation needs to be adopted as a legal policy paradigm to develop regulations that are more inclusive, tolerant, democratic, and human rights-based in maintaining interfaith harmony in Indonesia